منابع مشابه
Bile Acid Excretion: the Alternate Pathway
A B S T R A C T The quantitative significance of renal excretion of bile acid ester sulfates as an alternate excretory pathway was evaluated in hamsters. After bile duct ligation, total serum bile acid fell from a mean level of 454 ,g/ml at 24 h to 64 ,ug/ml by 96 h. During this period the bulk of the bile acid pool could be accounted for as esterified bile acids in urine. Renal pedicle ligatio...
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IFN-regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) gene-disrupted mice are defective in IL-12 and IL-18 gene expression at the transcriptional and post-translational level respectively. The mutant mouse mounts a type 2 T cell response upon bacterial infection because of the impaired induction of the IL-12 p40 gene and IFN-gamma-producing type 1 T cells are not induced. We showed here, however, that different path...
متن کاملElucidation of an alternate isoleucine biosynthesis pathway in Geobacter sulfurreducens.
The central metabolic model for Geobacter sulfurreducens included a single pathway for the biosynthesis of isoleucine that was analogous to that of Escherichia coli, in which the isoleucine precursor 2-oxobutanoate is generated from threonine. 13C labeling studies performed in G. sulfurreducens indicated that this pathway accounted for a minor fraction of isoleucine biosynthesis and that the ma...
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We report the occurrence of cytogamy in Tetrahymena thermophila. By analogy to Paramecium, cytogamy generates exconjugant clones that derive their entire genetic information from a single meiotic product of their cytoplasmic parent. Thus, "instant" whole-genome homozygotes are created. Cytogamy has been induced in every strain of T. thermophila tested, and most of the excytogamous progeny have ...
متن کاملSmall molecule modulators of antioxidant response pathway.
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates Antioxidant Response Element (ARE)-mediated transcription of a plethora of antioxidant and protective genes to counteract the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species or environmental carcinogens. Studies have demonstrated that pre-emptive activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway reinforces the cellular defense mecha...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.331.6017.513-c